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September 14, Alexander von Humboldt, Giovanni Cassini


Today the Cassini spacecraft with smashed into Saturn. It's been orbiting the gas giant for more than a decade, exploring moons, gathering data, and taking lots of pictures.
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喬凡尼·多美尼科·卡西尼
Giovanni Domenico Cassini
Giovanni Cassini.jpg
出生1625年6月8日
熱那亞共和國佩里納爾多
逝世1712年9月14日（87歲）
法蘭西王國巴黎
居住地義大利
法國
國籍義大利 （1625-1673）
法國 （1673-1712）
研究領域數學、天文學、工程學、與占星學
機構博洛尼亞大學
母校在熱那亞的耶蘇學院
知名於卡西尼環縫、卡西尼定律、卡西尼卵形線
喬凡尼·多美尼科·卡西尼（義大利文：Giovanni Domenico Cassini，1625年6月8日－1712年9月14日），法文名讓-多米尼克·卡西尼（Gian Domenico Cassini或Jean-Dominique Cassini），是一位在熱那亞共和國（今義大利境內）出生的法國籍天文學家和水利工程師。
卡西尼1625年出生於熱那亞共和國的佩里納爾多（即今義大利因佩里亞省佩里納爾多），在1648年至1669年期間曾在旁扎諾天文台工作。1640年起，擔任博洛尼亞大學天文學教授，並在1671年巴黎天文台落成後成為該台的第一任總監直到去世。1673年加入法國國籍，改名為法文，即讓-多米尼克·卡西尼，又稱卡西尼一世（Cassini Ier，其曾孫與其同名，稱卡西尼二世）。
卡西尼被認為與胡克同時發現了大紅斑（1665年）。卡西尼是第一個發現土星的四個衛星（土衛八、土衛五、土衛四、土衛三）的人。1690年，他在觀測木星的大氣層時發現木星赤道旋轉得比兩極快，因此發現了木星的較差自轉。1675年，他發現土星光環中間有條暗縫，這就是後來以他名字命名的著名的卡西尼環縫。他猜測，光環是由無數小顆粒構成。兩個多世紀後的分光觀測證實了他的猜測。1671年到1679年，他仔細觀測了月球的表面特徵，1679年送呈法國皇家科學院一份大幅月面圖，在一個多世紀內始終沒人能在這方面超過他。1683年3月起，卡西尼研究了黃道光，認為它是由於行星際塵埃反射太陽光引起的，不屬於大氣現象。
卡西尼是一位保守的天文學家，他拒絕接受哥白尼的日心說，也反對克卜勒定律、艾薩克·牛頓的萬有引力定律和光速有限說。卡西尼於1711年失明，次年（1712年）逝世於法國巴黎。除了天文學的貢獻以外，他亦曾被教宗委任治理波河的防治、管理及防汛工程。
當代人類探測土星的探測器「卡西尼號」即以他的名字命名。


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Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt was a Prussian geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. Wikipedia
Born: September 14, 1769, Berlin, Germany
Died: May 6, 1859, Berlin, Germany

At a time when scientists saw their duty as chiefly taxonomic—stuffing things into ever narrower categories—Humboldt’s genius was to see the interrelatedness of things, in particular the link between plants, climate and geography


Alexander von Humboldt, the last great polymath
Humboldt was born on September 14th 1769
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